Simende yemapfupa emapfupa inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvhiya kwemapfupa. Inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzirisa nhengo dzemajoini dzekugadzira, kuzadza maburi emapfupa asina kukwana, uye kupa rutsigiro nekunamira pakurapa kutyoka. Inozadza mukaha uripo pakati pemajoini ekugadzira nemapfupa, inoderedza kupera uye inoparadzira kushushikana, uye inowedzera kushanda kwekuvhiya kwenhengo dzemajoini.
Mashandisirwo makuru ezvipikiri zvesimende yemapfupa ndeaya:
1. Kugadzirisa mapfupa akatyoka: Simende yemapfupa inogona kushandiswa kuzadza nekugadzirisa nzvimbo dzakatyoka.
2. Kuvhiya kwemapfupa: Mukuvhiya kwemapfupa, simende yemapfupa inoshandiswa kugadzirisa nekuvakazve nzvimbo dzemajoini.
3. Kugadzirisa mapfupa asina kunaka: Simende yemapfupa inogona kuzadza mapfupa asina kunaka uye kukurudzira kugadzika kwemapfupa.
Zvakanaka kuti simende yemapfupa ive nehunhu hunotevera: (1) kugona kupinza simende zvakakwana, kugona kurongwa, kubatana, uye kugona kupenya kwemhepo kuti ishande zvakanaka; (2) simba rakakwana remuchina kuti isimbiswe nekukurumidza; (3) porosity yakakwana inobvumira kutenderera kwemvura, kufamba kwemasero, uye kukura kwemapfupa matsva; (4) osteoconductivity yakanaka uye osteoinductivity kukurudzira kuumbwa kwemapfupa matsva; (5) kuora kwemuviri kuri pakati nepakati kuti kuenderane nekusvetwa kwesimbi yemapfupa nekugadzirwa kwemapfupa matsva; uye (6) kugona kutakura mishonga zvakanaka.
Muma1970, simende yemapfupa yaishandiswa pakugadzirajoiniKugadzika ma prosthesis, uye inogona kushandiswawo sezvinhu zvekuzadza nekugadzira matishu mukurapa maorthopedics nemazino. Parizvino, masimende emapfupa anonyanya kushandiswa uye akatsvakurudzwa anosanganisira simende yemapfupa yepolymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), simende yemapfupa yecalcium phosphate uye simende yemapfupa yecalcium sulfate. Parizvino, mhando dzesimende yemapfupa dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya dzinosanganisira simende yemapfupa yepolymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), simende yemapfupa yecalcium phosphate uye simende yemapfupa yecalcium sulfate, pakati padzo simende yemapfupa yePMMA uye simende yemapfupa yecalcium phosphate ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Zvisinei, simende yemapfupa yecalcium sulfate haina basa rakanaka rezvehupenyu uye haigone kuumba zvisungo zvemakemikari pakati pe calcium sulfate grafts nemapfupa, uye ichakurumidza kuora. Simende yemapfupa yeCalcium sulfate inogona kunyudzwa zvachose mukati memavhiki matanhatu mushure mekuiswa mumuviri. Kuora uku nekukurumidza hakuenderane nemaitiro ekuumbwa kwemapfupa. Naizvozvo, kana tichienzanisa nesimende yemapfupa yecalcium phosphate, kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwekiriniki kwesimende yemapfupa yecalcium sulfate kwakaganhurirwa. Simende yemapfupa yePMMA ipolymer yeacrylic yakagadzirwa nekusanganisa zvikamu zviviri: liquid methyl methacrylate monomer uye dynamic methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer. Ine mamonomer akasara mashoma, inodzivirira kuneta zvishoma uye inogona kupwanyika nekushushikana, uye inogona kukonzera kuumbwa kwemapfupa matsva uye kuderedza kuwanda kwemhedzisiro yakaipa inokonzerwa nekutyoka kwemapfupa nesimba rakawanda rekudhonza uye plasticity. Chikamu chikuru cheupfu hwayo ipolymethyl methacrylate kana methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer, uye chikamu chikuru chemvura iyi imethyl methacrylate monomer.
Simende yemapfupa yePMMA ine simba guru rekusunga uye purasitiki, uye inooma nekukurumidza, saka varwere vanogona kumuka pamubhedha voita mabasa ekugadzirisa mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Ine chimiro chakanaka chepurasitiki, uye mushandi anogona kuita chero purasitiki simende yemapfupa isati yaoma. Chinhu chacho chine mashandiro akanaka ekuchengetedza, uye hachiparadzwe kana kunyudzwa nemuviri wemunhu mushure mekuumbwa mumuviri. Maumbirwo emakemikari akagadzikana, uye hunhu hwemuchina hunoonekwa.
Zvisinei, ichiri nezvikanganiso, zvakaita sekukonzera kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya mubhonzo panguva yekuzadza, zvichikonzera madonhwe emafuta kupinda mutsinga dzeropa uye zvichikonzera embolism. Kusiyana nemapfupa evanhu, majoini ekugadzira anogona kuramba akasununguka nekufamba kwenguva. Mamonomer ePMMA anoburitsa kupisa panguva yepolymerization, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwematishu kana masero akakomberedza. Zvinhu zvinoumba simende yemapfupa zvine chepfu, nezvimwewo.
Zvinhu zviri mu bone cement zvinogona kukonzera allergic reactions, zvakaita se rash, urticaria, dyspnea nezvimwe zviratidzo, uye muzviitiko zvakakomba, anaphylactic shock inogona kuitika. Kuongororwa kweAllergy kunofanirwa kuitwa usati washandisa kudzivirira allergic reactions. Maitiro akaipa kune bone cement anosanganisira allergic reaction ye bone cement, leak ye bone cement, bone cement kusunungura uye dislocation. Leak ye bone cement inogona kukonzera kuzvimba kwetishu uye chepfu, uye inogona kutokuvadza tsinga netsinga dzeropa, zvichikonzera matambudziko. Kugadzika kwe bone cement kwakavimbika uye kunogona kugara kwemakore anopfuura gumi, kana kutopfuura makore makumi maviri.
Kuvhiya simende yemapfupa kuvhiya kunowanzoitwa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye zita rayo resainzi ndi vertebroplasty. Simende yemapfupa chinhu chakagadzirwa nepolymer chine kuyerera kwakanaka chisati chaoma. Chinogona kupinda mumapfupa emapfupa zviri nyore kuburikidza netsono inoboorwa, uye chobva chapararira nemumaburi emapfupa akatyoka; simende yemapfupa inooma mumaminitsi angangoita gumi, ichinamira maburi mumapfupa, uye simende yemapfupa akaoma inogona kubatsira mukati memapfupa, zvichiita kuti mapfupa emapfupa ave nesimba. Kurapa kwese kunotora maminetsi makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu chete.
Kuti vadzivise kupararira mushure mekubayiwa simende yemapfupa, mhando itsva yemuchina wekuvhiya yakagadzirwa, iyo inonzi vertebroplasty device. Inoita kucheka kudiki kumusana wemurwere uye inoshandisa tsono yakakosha yekubooresa kuti iboore muviri wemusana nepaganda iri pasi pe X-ray monitoring kuti pave negwara rinoshanda. Zvadaro bharumu rinoiswa kuti rigadzire muviri wemusana wakapwanyika wakamanikidzwa, uye simende yemapfupa inopinzwa mumuviri wemusana kuti idzorere chitarisiko chemuviri wemusana wakapwanyika. Pfupa rinodzima riri mumuviri wemusana rinovharwa nekuwedzera bharumu kuti riite chipingamupinyi chekudzivirira kubuda kwesimende yemapfupa, ukuwo richideredza kumanikidzwa panguva yekubayiwa simende yemapfupa, nokudaro richideredza zvikuru kubuda kwesimende yemapfupa. Inogona kuderedza kuwanda kwematambudziko ane chekuita nekuputsika kwemubhedha, akadai sepneumonia, maronda ekumanikidzwa, hutachiona hwemudumbu, nezvimwewo, uye kudzivirira kutenderera kwakaipa kwe osteoporosis kunokonzerwa nekurasikirwa nemapfupa nekuda kwekuzorora kwenguva refu pamubhedha.
Kana kuvhiyiwa kwePKP kukaitwa, murwere anowanzo rara pamubhedha mukati memaawa maviri mushure mekuvhiyiwa, uye anogona kutendeuka padivi. Munguva iyi, kana paine kunzwa kusingawanzoitiki kana kurwadziwa kukaramba kuchikura, chiremba anofanira kuziviswa nenguva.
Cherechedza:
① Dzivisa kutenderedza chiuno zvakanyanya uye kukotama;
② Dzivisa kugara kana kumira kwenguva yakareba;
③ Dzivisa kutakura zvinorema kana kukotama kuti utore zvinhu pasi;
④ Dzivisa kugara pachigaro chakaderera;
⑤ Kudzivirira kudonha nekudzokororwa kwekutyoka.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-25-2024
